The liver is one of the most essential organs in the human body, performing critical functions such as detoxifying blood, metabolising nutrients and medications, producing bile, and supporting the immune system. Uniquely, it can regenerate and compensate even after substantial tissue loss. According to medical research, including the PubMed review โHow much remnant is enough in liver resection?โ, survival is possible when only 20โ30% of liver volume remains, provided the remaining tissue is healthy. This remarkable resilience has attracted public attention, particularly after reports revealed that legendary actor Amitabh Bachchan continues to live with just 25% of his liver functioning. His case demonstrates the liverโs extraordinary regenerative capacity and the importance of careful medical management.
Understanding the critical role of the liver in overall health
Having only 20โ30% of liver tissue means the remaining liver must handle all essential metabolic and detoxification processes. The PubMed study highlights that in people with healthy livers, 20โ30% of the original liver volume is generally considered the minimum safe remnant after surgery. The liverโs regenerative ability allows the remaining tissue to grow and compensate for lost function over time.However, this threshold applies mainly to healthy liver tissue. In cases of chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis or viral hepatitis, even a larger volume may not be sufficient because the regenerative potential and functional capacity are compromised. Despite these limitations, individuals like Amitabh Bachchan demonstrate that with proper care, surviving with severely reduced liver function is possible.
How Amitabh Bachchan manages life with minimal liver function
Amitabh Bachchan reportedly contracted hepatitis B decades ago, which damaged roughly 75% of his liver. Today, only 25% of his liver remains functional. Despite this, he continues to lead an active life under strict medical supervision.His case demonstrates that survival with minimal liver function is possible, but it requires:
- Regular monitoring of liver function
- Strict lifestyle management
- Medical intervention as needed
Symptoms of severely reduced liver function
When liver function drops to 20โ30%, warning signs may appear even before severe complications arise. Common symptoms include:Reduced liver capacity affects metabolism and energy production, leading to persistent tiredness.
- Jaundice and yellowing of skin or eyes
Bilirubin accumulation due to impaired liver function causes yellowing of the skin and eyes.
- Abdominal swelling and ascites
Low protein production can cause fluid accumulation in the abdomen, leading to swelling.
- Bleeding and bruising easily
Impaired clotting factor production increases the risk of easy bruising and bleeding.Early detection of these symptoms is crucial, as they may indicate the liver is under stress and approaching failure.
Causes of low liver function
Several factors can reduce liver function to 20โ30%:Hepatitis B and C can cause progressive liver damage and cirrhosis.
- Alcohol-related liver damage
Long-term alcohol use contributes to liver inflammation, scarring, and eventual failure.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome can lead to fat accumulation and liver dysfunction.
- Autoimmune and metabolic disorders
Diseases like autoimmune hepatitis or Wilsonโs disease can damage liver tissue over time.Certain medications, supplements, or environmental toxins can be hepatotoxic.The PubMed study stresses that the quality of remaining liver tissue is often more important than the exact volume, particularly in chronic disease.
Risks associated with 20โ30% liver function
Surviving with minimal liver function carries multiple risks:
- Post-liver failure: The liver may be unable to meet metabolic demands.
- Reduced drug metabolism: Medications may build up to toxic levels.
- Increased infection risk: Impaired immunity makes infections more likely.
- Complications: Ascites, encephalopathy, and bleeding disorders may develop.
- Life-threatening decompensation: Minor illness, dehydration, or additional liver damage can trigger acute failure.
Even individuals like Amitabh Bachchan must remain under lifelong medical supervision to monitor and manage these risks.
Prevention strategies to protect liver health
Protecting liver function and preventing further damage is essential:
- Vaccination and safe hygiene
Vaccination against hepatitis B and C, along with safe medical practices, reduces risk of infection.
- Limiting alcohol and avoiding toxins
Avoiding alcohol and hepatotoxic substances protects liver tissue from additional injury.
- Healthy diet and weight management
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains supports liver function and overall health.
- Regular liver function tests and medical checkups
Early detection of liver stress or damage allows timely intervention.
- Careful medication and supplement use
Avoid self-medication and unregulated herbal products that may be harmful to the liver.
- Managing chronic conditions
Proper management of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity helps reduce liver stress and prevents the progression of liver disease.Living with only 20โ30% of liver tissue is possible but risky, depending on the health of the remaining liver and overall medical care. The case of Amitabh Bachchan illustrates that survival with minimal liver function is achievable with careful monitoring, lifestyle management, and medical intervention. Understanding the symptoms, causes, risks, and prevention strategies is critical for anyone at risk of severe liver damage.Also Read | Lower your blood sugar in just 15 minutes a day without medication: Expert reveals this simple daily habit to manage diabetes